There’s a functional relationship between Q and BER, namely: Thus, for a given receiver, the Q factor is determined only by the OMA. For thermal noise-limited PIN receivers, high and low levels correspond to the same noise. The numerator is the difference between the optical powers of the high and low levels, that is, OMA, and the denominator is the sum of the standard deviations of the high and low levels, which actually represents the size of the noise. The definition of the quality factor Q is shown as the following formula: In fact, it is easy to prove this in theory. The greater the optical power discrimination between “1” and “0”, the easier it is to distinguish “1” and “0” at the receiving end, and the bit error rate (BER) will be smaller. Obviously, both ER and OMA represent the difference in optical power between high-level and low-level signals, but ER represents a relative difference, while OMA represents an absolute difference. OMA, optical modulation amplitude, refers to the difference in optical power between high level and low level after the optical signal is modulated, namely: If the optical power P1 and P0 of sending “1” and “0” are both in dBm units, the logarithmic extinction ratio is equal to the difference between the two powers, ie ERdB) = P1(dBm) -P0(dBm). However, what is usually seen in the manual is its logarithmic form, that is, ERdB = 10*log10(ER). ![]() So, what do they mean? What is the relationship between the two indicators? What are their appropriate values? How to test them? Let’s talk about ER and OMA with these questions.ĮR, extinction ratio, refers to the ratio of light powers when the signal is sent at high level and low level, namely: Has area attacks, and tanks in the front.In the manuals of high-speed optical modules, we usually focus on ER and OMA related to DML or EML.Azure Fang’s passive skill neurotoxin and Jugo’s Mystery are capable of controlling your opponents.You can see the tags of your ninjas by going to their page.Jugo’s passive skill buffs and shields all ninjas on the team with the curse tag label.Jugo may be drawn from Elite Instances, the Seal treasure or from Survival Trials.Sasuke fragments can be obtained from the Elite Instances. ![]()
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